Early history
As early as in 1839, French scientists becquerel (Becqurel) found that light can generate an electrical potential difference between the different parts of the semiconductor material. This phenomenon was called "light born v effect", hereinafter referred to as "photovoltaic effect".
In 954, American scientists just Penn and peel loose for the first time in the bell LABS made practical monocrystalline silicon solar cell, was born to convert sunlight into electricity practical photovoltaic power generation technology.
After the 1970 s, with the development of modern industry, the global energy crisis and atmospheric pollution problem increasingly prominent, the traditional fuel energy is day by day reduced, the damage to the environment is increasingly outstanding, at the same time there are about 2 billion people worldwide get normal energy supply. This time, the whole world is focused on renewable energy, hope that renewable energy can change the energy structure of human beings, to maintain long-term sustainable development.
The solar energy with its unique advantage and become the focus of attention. Rich solar radiant energy is an important energy, it is inexhaustible, inexhaustible, clean, cheap, human can free use of energy. Solar energy as much as 800000 KWH per second to reach the ground, if 0.1% of the solar energy into electrical energy, the surface of earth transformation rate of 5%, annual output can reach 5.6 x 1012 KWH, equivalent to 40 times the energy consumption in the world. It is because of these unique advantages of solar energy, after the 1980 s, the types of solar cells growing and increasingly wide application range, the size of the market also gradually expanding.
After the 1990 s, the rapid development of the photovoltaic power generation in 2006, the world has built more than 10 mw photovoltaic power generation systems, six megawatt networking photovoltaic power station. The United States was the first country to formulate plans for the development of the photovoltaic power generation. In 1997 and "million" roof plan is put forward. Japan launched a new project to the sun, 1992 to 2003 Japanese photovoltaic component production accounted for 50% of the world, the world's top 10 manufacturers have four in Japan. New renewable energy law and Germany the photovoltaic feed-in tariff, greatly promoted the photovoltaic market and industrial development, made in Germany after the Japanese photovoltaic power generation of the fastest growing country in the world. Switzerland, France, Italy, Spain, Finland and other countries, have also photovoltaic development plan, and spend large sum of money to the technology development and accelerate the industrialization process.
The world photovoltaic modules in 1990-2005 annual average growth rate of about 15%. In the late 1990 s, more rapid development, photovoltaic component production to reach 200 mw in 1999. Commercialization cell efficiency increased from 10% ~ 13% to 10% ~ 13%, the production scale from 1 to 5 mw/year to 5 ~ 25 mw/year, and is expanding to 50 mw and 100 mw. The production cost of pv modules to below $3 per watt.
Current situation and trend
In 2011, the global pv is about 27.5 GW of new power capacity, from a year earlier, compared to 18.1 GW to rise as high as 52%, the total installed capacity of more than 67 GW. About 28 GW's total installed capacity in the world, a nearly 20 GW system installed in Europe, but growth is relatively slow, with Italy and Germany market accounted for 55% of global growth in installed, were 7.6 GW and 7.6 GW. In 2011 with the representative of the sino-japanese seal of photovoltaic industry in the asia-pacific region market demand rose 129% year-on-year, the installed capacity of 2.2 GW respectively, 1.1 GW and 350 mw. In addition, in the mature north American market, new installed capacity is about 2.1 GW, as high as 84%.
In which China is the world's photovoltaic installations of the fastest growing countries, 2011 photovoltaic installation about five times higher than in 2010, the amount of battery production up to 20 gw in 2011, accounts for about 65% of the world. By the end of 2011, China has about 115 battery companies, output to 36.5 GW. Production capacity of more than 1 gw of 14 enterprises, accounting for a total capacity of up to 53%; Between 100 mw and 1 gw, a total of 63 enterprises, accounting for a total capacity of up to 43%; The remaining 38 'houses to all within 100 mw, only accounts for the total capacity of up to 4%. Scale, technology, cost differentiation competition gradually clear. Domestic top ten components manufacturers shipped 60% of the total battery production.
In the next decade, China will by independent photovoltaic power generation market, power system to grid generation system, including the desert plant and urban roof power generation systems. Huge potential for the development of Chinese solar photovoltaic power generation, with positive and stable policy support, to 2030 pv will have a capacity of 100 million kilowatts, annual output can reach 130 billion KWH, equivalent to less built more than 30 large coal-fired power plants. Country for the next three years will invest 20 billion subsidies for photovoltaic industry, China's solar photovoltaic power generation ushered in the new round of rapid growth, and attracted more and more strategic investors into the industry.
In the first half of 2015, the national photovoltaic power generation 2015 KWH.
On September 7, 2015, the first power substation photovoltaic power generation project in jiangsu province in nanjing pukou parallel operation, rural residents also use the "green electricity". The photovoltaic power generation project will be popularized in rural substation.
All initiated in November 2015, lai 'an county in anhui province rural photovoltaic power generation project, 11 good rural village of "shell" of installed capacity of more than 60 kw photovoltaic power station into the bidding process. According to preliminary estimates, hooked up to the villages after each year to provide 72000 KWH of clean electricity, village-level collective economy can increase 50000 yuan of above.
Between January and June 2015, the national new photovoltaic power installed capacity of 7.73 million kilowatts, as of the end of June 2015, the national photovoltaic power generation capacity of 35.78 million kilowatts.
Since 2013, photovoltaic power generation 3 years in a row of new installed capacity of more than 10 million kw; By the end of 2015, photovoltaic power generation total installed capacity of about 43 million kilowatts, overtaken Germany as the world's first. In addition, the photovoltaic industry is the strength of "going out". In 2015, according to data from the national energy administration photovoltaic cells and component exports reached more than 25 million kilowatts, exports reached us $14.4 billion.